• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an arrangement for generating heat energy. Arrangements comprise a solar collector circuit (1) comprising a circulating heat-carrying medium, a solar collector panel (2) which the heat-carrying medium is adapted to flow through during heating, and a heat exchanger (6) where the heat-carrying medium is adapted to emit heat energy. The arrangement also comprises a heat pump circuit (13) comprising a first evaporator unit (6) included in the heat exchanger (6) of the solar panel where the refrigerant is adapted to absorb heat energy from the circulating heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit (1). second evaporator unit (18) where the refrigerant is adapted to be in heat transfer contact with a heat storage area (11). (Fig. 1)
    公开号:SE0802085A1
    申请号:SE0802085
    申请日:2008-10-03
    公开日:2010-04-04
    发明作者:Julius Eyem
    申请人:Instchemas Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    panels are often difficult to compete with other types of heating sources.
    Heat pumps are increasingly used to heat buildings and to provide hot tap water.
    Air source heat pumps use the heat energy in ambient air as a heat source. During the winter, however, the ambient air usually has such a low temperature that it constitutes a poor source of heat. Air heat pumps are therefore usually combined with an additional heating source. Rock heat pumps use heat energy that is stored at a relatively large depth below the ground. They can therefore maintain a relatively high heat factor even in winter. However, geothermal heat pumps are relatively expensive to procure and install.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an arrangement comprising a solar collector circuit and a heat pump circuit where heat energy can be generated efficiently throughout the year and at all times of the day.
    This object is achieved with the arrangement of the kind mentioned in the introduction, which is characterized in that the heat pump circuit comprises a second evaporator unit where the refrigerant is adapted to be in heat-transferring contact with a heat storage area. During operation of the arrangement, the heat pump circuit absorbs heat from the heat-carrying medium in the first evaporator unit and heat from the heat storage area in the second evaporator unit. The heat pump circuit can thus use two heat sources to generate heat energy. At least the heat storage area is a good source of heat throughout the year and at all times of the day. This guarantees that the heat pump circuit can generate heat with a relatively high heat factor throughout the year and at all times of the day.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second evaporator unit is arranged downstream of the first evaporator unit with respect to the intended flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit. The refrigerant thus first passes through the first evaporator unit where it absorbs heat energy from the heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit. At times when the heat-carrying medium has a relatively high temperature, the refrigerant can absorb all the required heat energy and a little more from the heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit. Such a possible excess of heat energy can then be delivered in the second evaporator unit to the heat storage area. At times when the heat-carrying medium has a relatively low temperature, the refrigerant cannot absorb all the required heat energy from the heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit. In this case, the refrigerant absorbs the remaining heat energy from the heat storage area.
    In this way, the heat pump circuit can supply heat storage area with heat energy during favorable operating times and absorb heat energy from the heat storage area during less favorable operating times. Thus, essentially the same amount of heat energy can be generated during both favorable and less favorable operating times.
    According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit is liquid and has a free system temperature of less than 0 ° C.
    The heat-carrying medium may be a glycol mixture. However, it is possible to use a substantially arbitrary heat-carrying medium with suitable properties. The solar panel advantageously has an internal air duct, which extends between an inlet opening and an outlet opening, which is adapted to direct ambient air through the solar panel. At times when no incident sunlight heats the heat-carrying medium in the solar panel, ambient air is led through the air duct. The air here flows with advantage in the air duct in an opposite direction in relation to the heat-carrying medium. The heat-carrying medium that is led to the solar panel has a lower temperature than the ambient air. Thus, the solar panel in this case functions as a countercurrent heat exchanger in which ambient air heats the cold heat-carrying medium circulating through the solar panel. The inlet opening of the air duct is advantageously arranged at a higher level than the outlet opening. This results in a self-circulation of air through the solar panel. Alternatively, a fan or the like can be arranged in connection with the air duct so that a forced air flow is obtained through the solar collector panel. At least one of the openings to the air duct can be closed with a suitable closing member when the solar panel has operated in a conventional manner. When the solar panel operates as a heat exchanger, the refrigerant medium often has a lower temperature than the dew temperature of the water vapor in the air. As a result, liquid water can precipitate inside the solar panel. This phase transition of the water releases latent heat that can be absorbed in the solar panel. In cases where the heat-carrying medium has a temperature that is clearly lower than 0 ° C, the precipitated water can also freeze to ice inside the solar panel. This additional phase transition of the water also releases latent heat that can be absorbed in the solar panel. Such a solar panel can deliver a relatively large amount of heat energy even when the ambient air has a relatively low temperature.
    According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solar collector circuit comprises an alternative portion with at least one additional heat exchanger and a valve means adapted to guide the heat-carrying medium through the alternative portion during times when the heat pump circuit is not activated.
    On sunny days, the heat-carrying medium can be heated to such a high temperature that without the help of the heat pump it has the capacity to generate a required amount of heat energy. The heat pump circuit is then switched off so that no energy is used to drive the compressor. The hot heat-carrying medium is led to a heat exchanger in the alternative part where it emits a required amount of heat energy. The alternative circuit advantageously comprises an additional heat exchanger where the heat-carrying medium is adapted to be in heat-transferring contact with the heat storage area. After passing the heat exchanger, the heat-carrying medium usually still has a relatively high temperature. The heat-carrying medium usually has a clearly higher temperature than the temperature prevailing in the heat storage area.
    By circulating the heat-carrying medium through the additional heat exchanger, it can transfer heat energy to the heat storage area. This stored heat energy can then be taken from the heat storage area during time periods when no solar radiation occurs.
    According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat storage area is arranged below the ground surface and it is adapted to have a water content of at least 20% by weight. Soil and other materials below the ground usually have a good capacity to store heat energy. Soil that has a high humidity has a further increased capacity to store heat energy.
    The second evaporator unit and the additional heat exchanger are arranged at different levels below the ground in the heat storage area. The second evaporator in the heat pump circuit is thus used primarily to extract heat energy from the heat storage area, but it can also be used to supply heat energy to the heat storage area. The additional heat exchanger in the solar collector circuit is essentially used only to supply heat energy to the heat storage area. The second evaporator in the heat pump circuit should be arranged at a depth of at least one meter below the ground. The additional heat exchanger can be arranged at half this depth.
    According to another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement comprises a device which is adapted to supply water to the heat storage area. Thus, the heat storage area can obtain a high water content continuously and good heat storage properties. The second evaporator unit is designed with an external surface that is adapted to be ice-covered during operation. During operation of the heat pump circuit, the refrigerant passed through the second evaporator unit often has a clearly lower temperature than 0 ° C. This results in a good uptake of heat energy from the heat storage area. However, this results in the water in the heat storage area eventually starting to freeze to ice. This phase conversion releases latent heat that can be absorbed by the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit. As a result, a large amount of heat energy can be stored in a relatively small heat storage area. Thus, the heat pump circuit has a good energy source from which it can pump up heat with a relatively good heat factor even during the coldest period of the year.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In the following, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for generating heat energy according to the present invention and Fig. 2 shows a section through a ground surface. with buried pipe loops of the arrangement.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for generating heat energy. The heat energy generated by the arrangement is used in this case to heat water. The hot water can be used as hot tap water and to heat a building. The arrangement comprises a solar collector circuit 1 with at least one solar collector panel 2. The solar collector panel 2 may consist of a box-like construction with an externally transparent disc which may be a glass sheet. The sunlight that shines through the glass plate hits a radiation-absorbing material that can be a black painted metal sheet or similar. A heat-carrying medium, which may be a glycol mixture, is circulated in a tubular circuit through the solar collector panel 2. An air duct extends through the solar collector panel 2 between an inlet opening 2a and an outlet opening 2b. The inlet opening 2a is located at a higher height than the outlet opening when the solar panel 2 is in a mounted condition. A circulation pump 3 circulates the heat-carrying medium through the solar collector circuit 1. A temperature sensor 21 senses the temperature of the heat-carrying medium as it leaves the solar collector panel 2.
    The solar collector circuit 1 comprises a valve means 4 which is adjustable in a first position and in a second position. The valve means 4 is controlled by an electric control unit 5. When the valve means 4 is set in a first position, the heat-carrying medium heated in the solar panel 2 is led to a heat exchanger which here is a plate heat exchanger 6. The heat-carrying medium is adapted to emit heat energy in the plate heat exchanger 6. The cooled heat-carrying medium is then led back to the solar panel 2 via a flow sensor 7 and the circulation pump 3. The task of the flow sensor 7 is to direct a desired flow of the heat-carrying medium through the solar circuit 1.
    The flow sensor 7 is controlled by the control unit 5.
    When the valve means 4 is set in a second position, the heat-carrying medium is led into an alternative portion 1a of the solar collector circuit 1. The alternative portion 1a comprises a heat exchanger 8 where the heat-carrying medium emits heat to water in an accumulator tank 9.
    The heat-carrying medium is then passed on in the alternative portion 1a to a further heat exchanger 10. The heat exchanger 10 consists of a number of parallel lines 10a which guide the heat-carrying medium below the ground surface in an area 11 which is adapted to form a layer for heat energy. . The lines 10a arranged in parallel enable a good heat transfer between the heat-carrying medium and the surrounding ground in the heat storage area 11. Thereafter, the heat-carrying medium is led back to the ordinary solar collector circuit 1 via a one-way valve 12.
    The arrangement also comprises a heat pump circuit 13. The heat pump circuit usually comprises a compressor 14, which compresses a refrigerant circulating in the heat pump circuit 13, and a throttle valve 15 which provides a throttling of the refrigerant at a suitable place in the heat pump circuit 13. the heat pump circuit 13 thus has a high pressure area 13a located downstream of the compressor 14 and upstream of the throttle valve 15 and a low pressure area 13b located downstream of the throttle valve 15 and upstream of the compressor 14 with respect to the intended flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pump compressor circuit 13. diet, the refrigerant receives an elevated pressure and an elevated temperature. The compressed hot refrigerant is led in the high pressure area 13a to a condenser unit 16. In the condenser unit 16 the refrigerant comes into heat transfer contact with cold water which is arranged in an accumulator tank 17. The accumulator tanks 9, 17 are shown here as two separate tanks but they can alternatively form one and the same tank. The refrigerant emits heat to the water in the accumulator tank 17 at the same time as it condenses in the condenser unit 16. The refrigerant thus transitions from gas to liquid in the condenser unit 16. The refrigerant emits its heat at a condensing temperature which is slightly higher than the temperature at which the water is heated. the condenser unit 16. The now liquid refrigerant is then led to the throttle valve 15. The refrigerant here obtains a throttle which results in a marked reduction of the refrigerant pressure and temperature. The cold refrigerant is now led in the low pressure area 13b by the heat pump circuit 13 to the plate heat exchanger 6. The cold refrigerant evaporates at an evaporation temperature which is lower than the temperature of the heat-carrying medium in the plate heat exchanger 6. The cold refrigerant thus absorbs heat from the heat-bearing the medium in the plate heat exchanger 6. The plate heat exchanger 6 forms a first evaporator unit for the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit 13. Thereafter the heat-carrying medium is passed on in the low pressure area 13b by the heat pump circuit 13 to a second evaporator unit 18. The second evaporator unit 18 is located below the ground If the heat-carrying medium has a lower temperature than the temperature in the heat storage area 11, the heat-carrying medium absorbs heat from the heat storage area 11. Otherwise, the heat-carrying medium emits heat to the heat storage area 11. A water supply device 19 is arranged in the heat storage area 11. .
    Fig. 2 shows a section through the heat storage area 11. The water supply device 19 is arranged at the ground surface 20 of the heat storage area 11. The water supply device 19 is adapted to receive and distribute water in the heat storage area 11 so that the entire heat storage area 11 has a high water content. . The water supply device 19 can be constituted by a pipeline system which receives and spreads rainwater from nearby roofs or the like. The second evaporator unit 18 of the heat pump circuit 13 is here located at a depth of at least one meter below the ground surface 20 in the heat storage area 11. The additional heat exchanger 10 of the alternative portion 1a of the solar collector circuit 1 is located substantially midway to the ground surface and the second evaporator unit 18 in the heat storage area The additional heat exchanger 10 is thus located at a depth of at least half a meter.
    During operation of the arrangement, the heat-carrying medium is circulated through the solar collector circuit 1. The control unit 5 receives information from the temperature sensor 21 regarding the temperature of the heat-carrying medium as it leaves the solar panel 1. If the heat-carrying medium has a sufficiently high temperature as it leaves the solar panel 2, be used directly for heating water in the accumulator tank 9. In this case, the heat pump circuit 13 is thus not needed. This is, for example, the case during sunny summer days. In this case, the control unit 5 sets the valve member 4 in the first position while keeping the compressor 14 switched off.
    The hot heat-carrying medium from the solar panel 2 is led to the heat exchanger 8 where it emits heat to the water in the accumulator tank 9. The heated water in the accumulator tank 9 can then be used as hot tap water and / or in a water-borne system for heating a building. After the hot heat-carrying medium has passed through the heat exchanger 8, it is led to the additional heat exchanger 10 arranged in the heat storage area 11. When the heat-carrying medium is passed through the parallel conduits 10a, an efficient heat exchange is obtained between the heat-bearing medium and surrounding ground in storage area 11. Even if the heat-carrying medium emits heat energy in the heat exchanger 8, it essentially always has a clearly higher temperature than the temperature prevailing in the heat storage area 11. Thus, the heat-carrying medium supplies heat energy to the heat storage area 11. In this case, the surplus is thus stored. on heat energy that is not used as the heat exchanger 8 in the heat storage area 11. Since the ground in the heat storage area 11 has a high water content, it has a large mass and thus the possibility of storing a large amount of heat energy. The heat-carrying medium is then led back to the ordinary solar collector circuit 1 via the one-way valve 12. The control unit 5 controls the flow sensor 7 so that an optimal amount of the heat-carrying medium is circulated by the circulation pump 3 through the solar collector circuit 1. The heat-carrying medium is then led back to the solar panel 2 where it is reheated to a high temperature.
    At times when the control unit 5 receives information from the temperature sensor 21 which indicates that the heat-carrying medium is not hot enough to directly heat the water in the accumulator tank 9 to a desired temperature, the control unit 5 starts the compressor 14 and thus the heat pump circuit 13. The control unit 5 places the valve member 4 in the second position so that the heat-carrying medium from the solar panel 2 is led to the plate heat exchanger 6.
    The refrigerant which is compressed in the compressor 14 obtains an elevated pressure and an elevated temperature. The hot refrigerant reaches the condenser unit 16 where it heats the water in the accumulator tank 17. The water in the accumulator tank 17 can be used in the same way as the water in the accumulator tank 9 as hot tap water and / or in a water-borne system for heating the building. As the refrigerant is cooled by the water in the condenser unit 16, it condenses. It changes from gas to liquid. The phase transition results in the release of latent heat energy, which results in an efficient heat transfer in the condenser unit 16. The liquid refrigerant is led to the throttle valve 15. After the throttle in the throttle valve 15, the refrigerant provides a lower pressure and a lower temperature. The temperature of the refrigerant here is clearly lower than the temperature of the heat-carrying medium in the plate heat exchanger 6.
    When the refrigerant is passed through the plate heat exchanger 6, it is heated by the heat-carrying medium. The refrigerant is evaporated in whole or in part in the plate heat exchanger 6 depending on the temperature of the heat-carrying medium. The refrigerant changes from liquid to gas in the plate heat exchanger. During the phase conversion, latent heat is absorbed, which results in an efficient heat transfer in the plate heat exchanger 6.
    The refrigerant is then led to the second evaporator unit 18.
    For example, on less sunny days and during the morning and evening, the heat-carrying medium can obtain a relatively high temperature in the solar panel 2, but not such a high temperature that it can directly heat the water in the heat exchanger 8 to a desired temperature. In this case, the heat-carrying medium is led to the plate heat exchanger 6. In this case, the heat-carrying medium has such a high temperature that it can heat the refrigerant in the plate heat exchanger 6 so that it evaporates completely. Optionally, the evaporated refrigerant may also obtain a higher temperature than the evaporation temperature as it leaves the plate heat exchanger 6.
    The evaporated refrigerant is then led to the second evaporator unit 18. In this case, the evaporated refrigerant usually has a higher temperature than the temperature in the heat storage area 11. In this case the refrigerant supplies heat to the heat storage area 11 before the evaporated refrigerant is led back to the compressor 14 .
    During cold days without sun and during nights, the heat-carrying medium is circulated through the solar panel. no incident sunlight in this case heats the heat-carrying medium. The heat-carrying medium is cooled in the plate heat exchanger 6 to a lower temperature than the ambient air temperature. In this case, the solar panel 2 functions as a heat exchanger. Ambient air is led into the air duct via the inlet opening 2a and out via the outlet opening 12 2b. During the flow in the air duct, the air heats the cold refrigerant medium inside the solar panel 2. In this case, the solar panel 2 functions as a heat exchanger. The heat-carrying medium in this case obtains a relatively low temperature and it can only emit relatively little heat in the plate heat exchanger 6 to the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit 13. The refrigerant is thus only partially evaporated in the plate heat exchanger 6. Liquid refrigerant thus reaches in this case the second evaporator unit 18.
    The refrigerant in this case has a significantly lower temperature than the ground temperature in the heat storage area 11. Thus the refrigerant absorbs heat from the heat storage area 11 so that it evaporates completely before being led back to the compressor 14. In this case the arrangement can absorb heat from ambient air via the solar collector circuit. and from the heat storage area 11. Even during cold days and at night, the arrangement can thus by means of the heat pump circuit 13 provide an efficient heating of the water in the accumulator 17. According to the invention, the heat-carrying medium is also circulated at night and winter through the solar panel 2 where it is heated by ambient air. circulating through the air duct. The heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit can here be cooled to a lower temperature below 0 ° C in the plate heat exchanger 6. The heat-carrying medium 1 must thus have a freezing system temperature which is clearly lower than 0 ° C. An advantage of circulating such a cold heat-carrying medium through the solar panel is that water vapor in the air condenses on the absorber material of the solar panel and / or on the tubes which conduct the cold heat-carrying medium through the solar panel 2. When the water vapor in the air condenses latent heat that can be absorbed by the heat-carrying medium. In cases where the water vapor freezes to ice, an additional phase transition takes place at which latent heat is released. The heat-carrying medium can also absorb this latent heat. The solar panel 2 is designed with an absorber material and pipelines that are adapted to enable precipitation of water and ice from the water vapor in the surrounding air. The solar panel 2 thus has a construction that enables such operation without damaging any components. Precipitated liquid inside the solar panel 2 does not significantly reduce the heat exchange between air and the circulating heat-carrying medium in the solar panel 2. Ice is transparent to soy radiation and thus does not stop significant sunlight. The light also melts relatively quickly when the absorber material is exposed to sunlight. The arrangement according to the invention can thus also utilize latent heat in the water vapor in the air, which enables an efficient absorption of heat in the solar panel 2 even when sunlight is not available.
    To further enable efficient heating of the water in the accumulator 17 during cold days and at night, the heat storage area has a water content of at least 20% by weight. However, the water content can be considerably higher. The length of the pipeline in the second evaporator unit 18 is dimensioned so that the temperature in the heat storage area at the end of the winter season can fall below 0 ° C. Thus, the water freezes in the heat storage area, which releases latent heat which significantly increases the heat capacity of the heat storage area. Very large amounts of heat energy can be obtained from the heat storage area 11 before all the water in the heat storage area 11 has frozen to ice. With such a heat storage area 11, the heat pump circuit 13 can obtain a relatively high heat factor even during winter time and without sunlight. Here, however, the refrigerant must be conducted in tubular conduits in the second evaporator unit 18 which are made of a material, such as a metal material, which can withstand being ice-coated without freezing.
    The present invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described above in the drawing but can be freely modified within the scope of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    An arrangement for generating heat energy, the arrangement comprising a solar collector circuit (1) comprising a circulating heat-carrying medium, a solar collector panel (2) which the heat-carrying medium is adapted to flow through during heating, and a first heat exchanger (6) where the heat-carrying medium is adapted to emit heat energy, and a heat pump circuit (13) comprising a circulating refrigerant, a compressor (14) adapted to compress the refrigerant, a throttle valve (15) which is adapted to provide a throttling of the refrigerant, a condenser unit (16) where the refrigerant is adapted to emit heat energy and a first evaporator unit (6) included in the heat exchanger heat exchanger (6) where the refrigerant is adapted to absorb heat energy from the circulating heat carrier the medium in the solar collector circuit (1), characterized in that the heat pump circuit (13) comprises a second evaporator unit (18) where the refrigerant is adapted to be in heat transfer contact with a heat storage area (11).
    [2]
    Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that the second evaporator unit (18) is arranged downstream of the first evaporator unit (6) with respect to the intended flow direction of the refrigerant in the heat pump circuit (13).
    [3]
    Arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the heat-carrying medium in the solar collector circuit (1) is liquid and has a freezing system temperature of less than 0 ° C.
    [4]
    Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector panel (2) has an internal air duct extending between an inlet opening (2a) and an outlet opening (2b) which is adapted to direct ambient air through the solar collector panel (2). ). 10 15 20 25 30 15
    [5]
    Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar collector circuit (1) comprises an alternative portion (1a) with at least one further heat exchanger (8) and a valve member (4) which is adapted to conduct the heat-carrying medium. through the alternative portion (1a) on occasions when the heat pump circuit (13) is not activated.
    [6]
    Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that the alternative circuit (1a) comprises an additional heat exchanger (10) where the heat-carrying medium is adapted to be in heat-transmitting contact with the heat storage area (11).
    [7]
    Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat storage area (11) is arranged below the ground surface and that it is adapted to have a water content of at least 20% by weight.
    [8]
    Arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the second evaporator unit (18) and the further heat exchanger (10) are arranged at different levels below the ground surface in the heat storage area (11).
    [9]
    Arrangement claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the arrangement comprises a device (19) which is adapted to supply water to the heat storage area (11).
    [10]
    Arrangement according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the second evaporator unit (18) is designed with an outer surface which is adapted to be ice-coated during operation.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    SE534267C2|2011-06-21|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2021-06-01| NUG| Patent has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE0802085A|SE534267C2|2008-10-03|2008-10-03|Arrangements for generating thermal energy|SE0802085A| SE534267C2|2008-10-03|2008-10-03|Arrangements for generating thermal energy|
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